Class 8: Movements
Mobilisation and movements
Movement impacts
cultural
Movement impacts
political
cultural
Movement impacts
organisational
political
cultural
Movement impacts
individual
organisational
political
cultural
Movement impacts - individual
individual
- did people who participated change? how?
- interpersonal connections (likely future movement particiation)
- did people who encountered the movement change? how?
- different issue attention/focus? different attitudes?
- participants, attitudinally: radicalised? disillusioned? behaviourally: more extreme? burnout?
- onlookers responses: on immigration, culture? support/oppose?
Movement impacts
individual
organisational
political
cultural
Movement impacts - organisational
organisational
- a targeted organisation?
- changed behaviour? organisational decline?
- the movement’s own (or connected) organisation(s)?
- professionalisation, institutionalisation
- new affiliate organisations (perhaps parties, businesses)
- targeted organisation: e.g., changed (political) financing activity, policies (as with platforms content moderation), hindered org.’s activity
Movement impacts
individual
organisational
political
cultural
Movement impacts - political
Movement impacts
individual
organisational
political
cultural
Movement impacts - cultural
cultural
- have cultural/societal norms changed because of the movement? how?
- are certain ideas, behaviours now acceptable or no longer acceptable in:
- public opinion, lifestyle trends
- media and popular culture
- non-political institutions (e.g., research and education, religion)
- are certain ideas, behaviours now acceptable or no longer acceptable in:
- see Amenta and Polletta (2019)
- e.g., immigration views compared to two/three decades ago; acceptance of certain political rhetoric; approval of ‘strong man’ leadership in Western democracies
Movement impacts
individual
organisational
political
cultural
Poll: matters of FR mobilisation
Take the survey at https://forms.gle/LNPvbC4h9QbycWYL7
which year do you guess was far-right social mobilisation most frequent?
most prominent far-right protest issue?
most common far-right mobilisation form?
what to do when non-violent far-right demonstrations are met with disruptive, possibly violent counter-mobilisation?
- should governments or state authorities be able to prohibit far-right demonstrations even if they are non-violent?
Far-right demonstrations in Germany
- Identified in gov. responses to parliamentary inquiries (Anfrage)
Far-right demonstrations in Germany
de_demos %>%
mutate(month=floor_date(Datum, "month")) %>%
group_by(month) %>% summarise(Num=n()) %>%
ggplot(aes(x=month, y=Num))+ geom_bar(stat="identity")+
scale_x_date("", labels=scales::date_format("%b %Y"), breaks="6 month",
limits=c(min(as.Date(de_demos$Datum)),max(as.Date(de_demos$Datum))),expand=c(0,0))+
theme_minimal()+ylab("")+
theme(text=element_text(size=38),
axis.text.x=element_text(angle=90, hjust=1, vjust=0.5))
Far-right demonstrations in Germany
library(tmap)
library(tidyverse)
library(sf)
library(rnaturalearth)
library(gganimate)
library(gifski)
de_demos$Jahr <- format(
as.Date(de_demos$Jahr), format="%Y"
)
de_demos_grouped <- de_demos %>%
group_by(Ort, Jahr, lat, long) %>%
summarise(protests = n(),
.groups = "drop")
de_demos_grouped <- as.data.frame(
de_demos_grouped
)
de_demos_grouped$Latitude <- de_demos_grouped$lat
de_demos_grouped$Longitude <- de_demos_grouped$long
de_demos_grouped_sf <- de_demos_grouped %>%
drop_na(lat)
de_demos_grouped_sf <- de_demos_grouped_sf %>%
st_as_sf(
coords=c("long", "lat"),
crs=st_crs("EPSG:32632") # CRS for DE
)
DE = ne_states(returnclass="sf") |>
filter(admin=="Germany")
st_crs(de_demos_grouped_sf) <- st_crs(DE)
fr_prot_anim <- tm_shape(DE)+
tm_polygons(fill="gold",
col="darkolivegreen")+
tm_shape(de_demos_grouped_sf)+
tm_bubbles(shape=21,
size="protests",
col="red",
scale=8,
alpha=0.5,
border.col="black")+
tm_facets(pages="Jahr")+
tm_layout(panel.label.size=4,
panel.label.color='black',
panel.label.bg.color='grey',
panel.label.height=3,
legend.text.size=1.5)
tmap_animation(
fr_prot_anim,
filename = "fr_prot_anim.gif",
delay = 50,
width = 1200, height = 1200
)
Far-right demonstrations in Italy
FARPO %>%
filter(Country_string=="Italy") %>%
mutate(month=floor_date(Date, "month")) %>%
group_by(month) %>% summarise(Num=n()) %>%
ggplot(aes(x=month, y=Num))+ geom_bar(stat="identity")+
scale_x_date("", labels=scales::date_format("%b %Y"), breaks="6 month",
limits=c(min(as.Date(FARPO$Date)),max(as.Date(FARPO$Date))),expand=c(0,0))+
theme_minimal()+ylab("")+
theme(text=element_text(size=38),
axis.text.x=element_text(angle=90, hjust=1, vjust=0.5))
Far-right demonstrations in Italy
Far-right demonstrations in the UK
frgb %>%
mutate(month=floor_date(Date, "month")) %>%
group_by(month) %>% summarise(Num=n()) %>%
ggplot(aes(x=month, y=Num))+ geom_bar(stat="identity")+
scale_x_date("", labels=scales::date_format("%b %Y"), breaks="6 month",
limits=c(min(as.Date(frgb$Date)),max(as.Date(frgb$Date))),expand=c(0,0))+
theme_minimal()+ylab("")+
theme(text=element_text(size=38),
axis.text.x=element_text(angle=90, hjust=1, vjust=0.5))
Far-right demonstrations in the UK
Issues (FARPO - all countries)
f_iss1 <- FARPO %>%
group_by(Issue1_string) %>%
summarise(Num=n()) %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
rename(Issue=Issue1_string)
f_iss2 <- FARPO %>%
group_by(Issue2_string) %>%
summarise(Num=n()) %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
rename(Issue=Issue2_string)
f_iss3 <- FARPO %>%
group_by(Issue3_string) %>%
summarise(Num=n()) %>%
as.data.frame() %>%
rename(Issue=Issue3_string)
merged_iss <- purrr::reduce(list(f_iss1, f_iss2, f_iss3),
function(x, y) merge(x, y, by="Issue", all=TRUE))
iss_final <- merged_iss %>%
group_by(Issue) %>%
summarise(Num=sum(coalesce(Num.x, 0), coalesce(Num.y, 0), coalesce(Num, 0))) %>%
slice(-1:-11) %>%
as.data.frame()
library(ggwordcloud)
set.seed(1)
ggplot(iss_final, aes(label=Issue, size=Num, color=Num)) +
geom_text_wordcloud() +
scale_size_area(max_size=10) +
theme_minimal()+
scale_color_gradient(low="blue", high="red")
Social movement lens on the far right